Key stages in the environmental assessment process include. This document is the result of a regional collaboration under the environmental cooperation. Environmental impact assessment eia can be defined as the systematic identification and evaluation of the potential impacts effects of proposed projects, plans, programs or legislative actions relative to the physical, chemical, biological, cultural and socioeconomic components of the total environment. The expansion and diversification of tourism had an increasing environmental impact on protected ecosystems. Pdf what is impact assessment and why is it important. Ecotourism, poverty reduction and environmental protection 2930 october 20, undesa, ny. In this context, the term environmental impact assessment eia is usually used when applied to actual projects by individuals or companies and the term strategic environmental. Jjt university, rajasthan abstract tourism is one of the biggest and fastest growing sectors in the global economy and has significant impact on environment, culture, society and also on economy both positively and negatively. This form of ecological compensation is sustained over time. Environmental tourism list of high impact articles. Impact of tourism is calculated through mean given in the table economic impact of tourism on residents of elephanta caves, matheran, janjira fort and pali sr. The results suggest that leisure and tourism are responsible for 17% of the national greenhouse gas emissions, and % of the national primary energy use.
Tourism tanzania this case study summarizes parts of the developed eia report by zanzibar environmental consultancy 2006. A social impact assessment will look at the social environment in more depth than a socioeconomic impact assessment. Scientific quality of tourism environmental impact assessment. Ecotourism, poverty reduction and environmental protection 29. Environmental impact assessment and strategic environmental assessment. Assessment of the impact of tourism on communities. Pdf tourism environmental impact assessment based on. Tourism following the scoping report the following impacts of the wef and associated infrastructure and power lines and are assessed in more detail. It also outlines mitigation measures necessary to reduce any negative impacts the activity may cause. Environmental impact assessment eia and environmental auditing ea 2.
Pdf environmental impact assessment eia on tourism. Tourism environmental impact assessment based on improved ahp and picture fuzzy promethee ii methods article pdf available in technological and economic development of economy november 2019. Environmental impact assessment an overview sciencedirect. Tourism may be an ally or a threat to conservation. The environmental impacts caused by festivals will be analyzed through example of sziget festival in hungary. Tourism environmental impact assessment based on improved ahp and picture fuzzy promethee ii methods article pdf available in technological and economic development of economy. Environmental impact assessment guidelines for coastal. For south african purposes, the two terms are generally used as one and the same. Impact assessment is defined by the international association for impact assessment. The aim is to provide a conceptual framework emergent from existing principles and guidance that will underpin the importance of sustainable event management. The environmental impact assessment law was formulated from the idea that eia is very important for preventing environmental degradation and promoting a sustainable society.
The environmental impact assessment law the environmental impact assessment law was formulated from the idea that eia is very important for preventing environmental degradation and promoting a sustainable society. This document presents the environmental impact assessment eia of the proposed resort as requested by the national environment and planning agency in response to the development permit application. Environmental assessment ea is the assessment of the environmental consequences positive negative of a plan, policy, program, or actual projects prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action. Case studies and experiences egm on sustainable tourism. An eia is a study of the effects positive and negative of a proposed action on the area in which the development is to be carried out. From an international perspective, socioeconomic impact assessment falls under the umbrella of social impact assessment. Environmental impact assessment eia is the process of examining the anticipated environmental effects of a proposed project from consideration of environmental aspects at design stage, through consultation and preparation of an environmental impact assessment report eiar, evaluation of the eiar by a competent authority, the subsequent decision as to. Therefore, it is important to assess and anticipate the potential impacts of tourism on natural protected areas npa, to articulate the public use of npa and their conservation. The most commonly noted positive environmental impact of tourism. Environmental tourism typically defined as travel to destinations where the flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions. Department of environmental affairs, 2014, environmental impact assessment and management strategy for south africa draft.
Implementation assistance, institutional strengthening, and training 3 iii. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. In this paper, we describe that the effects of tourism on natural resources, environmental pollution and physical environment. Pdf environmental impact assessment of mountain tourism. Sustainable and ecotourism has gained popularity in the industry but.
The methodology developed for a full eia can easily be applied to tourism developments see, for example, rajotte, 1978. Tourism impacts economies through three interrelated routes i. These need to be managed so that they provide information to. Ensuring that the developmental options under consideration are environmentally, socially and economically sound and sustainable ensuring that any possibly adverse environmental consequences are recognized early in the project. Responsible ecotourism includes programs that minimize the adverse effects of traditional tourism on the natural environment, and enhance the cultural integrity of local people. Concepts, issues and players 7 tourism planning and management. The recommendations do not necessarily carry the full support of all the sectors represented. What condition were like before tourism activity took place in order to derive a baseline from which compariosons can be made an inventory of flora and fauna, together with some unambiguous index of tolerance levels to the types of impact created by different sorts of tourism activity the secondary levels of environmental impact that are. In this context, the term environmental impact assessment eia is usually used when applied to actual projects by individuals. The aim of this study is to investigate the environmental impact of transport air and road transport and tourism activity in large sized hotels, in chalkidiki. It also provides advice to snh and hes staff on procedures for handling eia casework. Environmental impact definition and meaning collins english.
Eia report the environmental impact assessment report is the document prepared by the developer that presents the output of the assessment. Yet, despite the growing number of studies charting the impact of tourism developments, few eias have been undertaken, integrating the effects of tourism on the physical, economic and social facets of the environment. For the assessment of economic impact of tourism on the residents, responses were collected at selected destinations in the raigad district. Social impact assessment sia a social impact assessment is a process of research, planning and the management of social change or consequences positive and negative, intended and unintended arising from policies, plans, developments and projects unep, 2007. Impact assessment ia is a routine practice at the european commission. Impacts on tourismrelated nature and scenery of the area. The state shall actively promote and maintain the welfare of the people by adopting policies aimed at. Environmental impact assessment the government of namibia is committed to sustainable development. The core focus of an sia is on the important impacts of. Concept of environmental tourism is that people will become more engaged with. Environmental impact definition and meaning collins.
The most commonly noted positive environmental impact of tourism is raised awareness. Environmental impact assessment is defined as an activity designed to identify the impact on the biogeophysical environment, on man and wellbeing of legislative proposals, projects, policies, operational procedures and to interpret and communicate information. This paper discusses a methodology for the environmental assessment of tourist facilities located in cuban coastal zones in which the general aspects of the process are discussed, defined, and characterized, and examines the main processes that occur. Environmental impact assessment eia process with practical guidance and a ready source of information about the process. Ensuring that the developmental options under consideration are environmentally, socially and economically sound and sustainable ensuring that any possibly adverse environmental consequences are recognized early in the project cycle and are taken into account in the project design. Environmental impact assessment is a very exhaustive study that is required to be done to assess the possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on the environment. Environmental impact assessment of tourism development. Environmental impact assessment eia course curriculum for tertiary level institutions in pakistan national impact assessment programme niap pakistan thomas b fischer phd fiema and obaidullah nadeem phd fipp september 20. Environmental impact 1 oecd set out a framework for the study of environmental stress created by tourism activities at the end of the 1970s 4 main categories of stressor activities. Impact assessments are carried out to assess the consequences of individual projects environmental impact assessment or of policies and programmes strategic environmental assessment. Tourism has the capacity to help build communities and instigate positive environmental change.
Environmental impact assessment is a tool designed to identify and predict the impact of a project on the biogeophysical environment and on mans health and wellbeing, to interpret and communicate information about the impact, to analyze site and process alternatives and provide. Pdf scientific quality of tourism environmental impact. Article 951 of the constitution of namibia states that. It has now decided to carry out an environmental impact assessment first but this cannot be completed before. Assessment for sustainable tourism 3 module 2 overview the first step in planning for sustainable tourism is to assess what your site has to offer to tourists, and whether it can support tourists needs and desires in a way that protects and preserves the local environment and culture, and that is also economically feasible. Environmental impact assessment 1 in many environmentally sensitive tourism destinations the need for eias has become more freaquent environmental. The environmental impact assessment of projects eia is an instrument enabling the preservation of natural resources and the defence of the environment by introducing the environmental variable into decisionmaking on projects which are predicted to have a significant impact on the environment in this regard, the legislation on strategic environmental assessment sea on a. Anticipated environmental impacts and mitigation measures 7 d. Environmental impact assessments eias are concerned with the impact of large scale developments on the environment, and developments associated with tourist activity can be at a scale qualifying for such consideration.
It is a major part of the integrated environmental management iem procedure, an approach that integrates environmental. The analysis and recommendations of this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the department of environmental affairs. Permanent environmental restructuring major construction works such as highways, airports and resorts waste product generation biological and non. The north coast highway traverses the property, dividing it into northern and southern sections. Building platform building platforms are the main objectives of the environmental impact assessment and management strategy, and are expressed as desired outcomes. Life cycle assessment department of environmental affairs. Environmental impact assessment environmental impact assessment eia is a process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into. The impact of tourism on both economic growth and employment is clearly positive. Life cycle assessment lca is the calculation and evaluation of the environmentally relevant inputs and outputs and. Environmental impact assessment environmental protection. The impact assessment used an inclusive destination development approach, focusing in the analysis not only on tourism related businesses, but also on communities, families and children within the destination.
The impact assessment used an inclusive destination development approach, focusing in the. Pdf environmental impact assessment of tourism transport. Any misrepresentation of views or errors of fact are solely those of the author. Volume 1, part 2 contains example terms of reference tors cross.
Environmental impact assessment has been researched and discussed in south africa since the 1970s. In addition, we explain environmental impacts of tourism on global scale, industrial. These impacts and the structure of the tourism sector determine the sectors economic impact on a country. This paper analyses the environmental impact of japanese leisure and tourism. On a local, national, and international level, tourism is economically and environmentally significant. As already mention above eia is an environment assessment tool. This report is known in different countries as an environmental impact report eir, an environmental impact statement eis, environmental. The tourism industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world.
This study uses a framework developed from the industrial ecology literature to assess the impacts of the tourism industry on the environment. Tourism and the environment 2 in order to study the physical impact of tourism it is. A tool to evaluate the environmental impacts of touristic activities in natural protected areas article pdf available in tourism management perspectives 28. The findings of an environmental impact assessment eia, on a particular project proposal, conventionally are presented to stakeholders including decisionmakers in the form of a written report. Environmental impact assessment eia can be defined as the systematic examination of unintended consequences of a development project or program, with the view to reduce or mitigate negative impacts and maximize on positive ones eeaa 1996. Environmental impact assessment eia and environmental. Environmental impact assessment of mountain tourism in developing regions. An extensive report on the theoretical background of life cycle assessment, the concept. The environmental impact assessment eia was developed using the terms of reference set out by the department of environment, ministry of agriculture, livestock and environment zanzibar in. Assessment of the impact of tourism on communities and. Pdf impact assessment of tourism in cuba lourdes ruiz. Review in environmental impact assessment environmental auditing environmental impact reporting environmental economics page 1.
An environmental impact assessment supports various concepts namely ecotourism, cleaner production, ecolabelling but the two most supported concepts are environmental management and tourism carrying capacity schianetz et al. In its impact assessment guidelines ec 2009, the commission calls for an integrated approach taking into account various dimensions of impacts, notably economic, social and environmental implications of planned public interventions. The assessment also included sustainable livelihoods analysis, value chain analysis, and rights based approaches. The tourism impact assessment tia is a methodology for evaluating the environmental impacts associated with tourism in npa. Its objective is to consider environmental protection properly by establishing a procedure for the. The methodological problems and pitfalls are discussed and a new methodological framework is elaborated.
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